cabling

cable is the medium through which information usually moves from one network device to another.
LANs is the type of several types of cable are commonly used.
there are 5 types of cables, which is:

• Unsheilded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable
• Sheilded Twisted Pair (STP) cable
• Coaxial cable
• Fibre Optic cable
• Wireless LANs

usually, UTP, STP and Coaxial Cable are transmitted with the electric. but, Fibre Optic Cable and Wireless LANs are transmitted by light.

Unsheilded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable

• 4 pairs of wires inside the jacket
• each pair is twisted with a different number of twisted per inch

• 5 categories:
• category 1 : voice ( telephone wire)
• category 2 : data to 4Mbps (local talk)
• category 3 : data to 10Mbps (ethernet)
• category 4 : data to 20Mbps (16Mbps token ring)
• category 5 : data to 100Mbps (fast ethernet)
• standard connector is an RJ-45 connector

• disadvantage of UTP : may be susceptible to radio and electrical frequency interference

Sheilded Twisted Pair (STP) cable

• consist of tw0 individual wires wrapper in a foil shielding-help provide a more realiable data communication
• suitable for environments with electrical interference.
• extra shielding can make the cables quite bulky

Coaxial cable

• has a single copper conductor at its center
• a plastic layer provides insulation between the center conductor and a braided metal shield
• the metal shield helps to block any outside interference from fluorescent lights,motors, and other computers.

• coaxial cable connector:
• Bayone-Neill-Concelman (BNC) connector
• different types of adapters are available for BNC connectors, including:
• T-connector
• barrel connector
• terminator

Fibre Optic

• consists of a center glass core surrounded
• transmits lightrather than electronic signals eliminating the problem of electrical interference.
• large amount of electrical interference
• able to transmit signals over much longer distances than coaxial and twisted pair.